WASHINGTON -- The Supreme Court on Monday rejected an appeal from a former New Mexico county commissioner who was kicked out of office over his participation in the Jan. 6, riot at the U.S. Capitol.
Former Otero County commissioner Couy Griffin, a cowboy pastor who rode to national political fame by embracing then-President Donald Trump with a series of horseback caravans, is the only elected official thus far to be banned from office in connection with the Capitol riot, which disrupted Congress as it was trying to certify Joe Biden's 2020 electoral victory over Trump.
At a 2022 trial in state district court, Griffin received the first disqualification from office in over a century under a provision of the 14th Amendment written to prevent former Confederates from serving in government after the Civil War.
The provision states that no person who holds any office "shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion" against the government.
Though the Supreme Court ruled this month that states don't have the ability to bar Trump or other candidates for federal offices from the ballot, the justices said different rules apply to state and local candidates.
"We conclude that States may disqualify persons holding or attempting to hold state office," the justices wrote in an unsigned opinion.
The outcome of Griffin's case could bolster efforts to hold other state and local elected officials accountable for their involvement in the Jan. 6 riot.
Griffin, a Republican, was convicted separately in federal court of entering a restricted area on the Capitol grounds on Jan. 6 and received a 14-day prison sentence and $3,000 fine. The sentence was offset by time served after his arrest in Washington, where he had returned to protest Biden's 2021 inauguration. That conviction is under appeal.
At the time of the conviction, District Judge Trevor McFadden told Griffin that, as an elected state official, he had taken an oath to uphold the Constitution. "The actions and statements you've taken since then are in tension with that oath," the judge said.
Griffin responded afterward that he felt he was upholding his oath "to make sure that our elections are transparent and legal" and that he traveled to Washington "to stand and peaceably protest" and represent "millions of other Americans that feel the same way that I do."
Video of the riot shows Griffin and his videographer climbing over barricades and barriers, then clambering onto the inauguration stage in front of the Capitol and spending over an hour speaking through a bullhorn to the surging mob.
It was Griffin's trial that forced prosecutors to disclose the location of Vice President Mike Pence during the riot, over Secret Service objections, to prove that Griffin had entered a restricted area, though he did not enter the Capitol itself.
Griffin contends that he entered the Capitol grounds on Jan. 6 without recognizing that it had been designated as a restricted area and that he attempted to lead a crowd in prayer using a bullhorn, without engaging in violence.
The recent ruling in the Trump case shut down a push in dozens of states to end Trump's Republican candidacy for president over claims he helped instigate an insurrection to try to prevent Biden, a Democrat, from replacing him in the White House in 2020.
The accusations of insurrection against Griffin were filed on behalf of three New Mexico residents by Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington, a left-leaning group that also brought the lawsuit in Colorado to disqualify Trump.
CREW has outlined the case for investigating several current state legislators who went to Washington on Jan. 6.
In a statement, the organization's president, Noah Bookbinder, said that by refusing to take up Griffin's appeal, the court is keeping in place "the finding that January 6th was an insurrection, and ensures that states can still apply the 14th Amendment's disqualification clause to state officials."
"Crucially, this decision reinforces that every decision-making body that has substantively considered the issue has found that January 6th was an insurrection, and Donald Trump engaged in that insurrection," Bookbinder wrote. "Now it is up to the states to fulfill their duty under Section 3 to remove from office anyone who broke their oath by participating in the January 6th insurrection."
In Griffin's 2022 trial in state district court, New Mexico Judge Francis Mathew recognized the Jan. 6 riot as an insurrection and ruled that Griffin aided that insurrection, without engaging in violence, contributing to a delay in Congress' election certification proceedings.
Griffin's appeal of the disqualification asserted that only Congress, and not a state court, has the power to enforce the anti-insurrection clause of the 14th Amendment by legislation, and it urged the Supreme Court to rule on whether the events on Jan. 6 constituted an "insurrection" as defined in the Constitution.
It also invoked Griffin's rights to free speech protections.
"If the decision ... is to stand, at least in New Mexico, it is now the crime of insurrection to gather people to pray together for the United States of America on the unmarked restricted grounds of the Capitol building," Florida-based defense attorney Peter Ticktin argued on behalf of Griffin in court filings.
In a statement to The Washington Post, Ticktin said Griffin and his legal team are looking for ways to return to court in New Mexico and re-litigate the decision.
At trial, Mathew, the judge, called Griffin's free-speech arguments self-serving and not credible, noting that the then-commissioner spread claims about the 2020 election being stolen from Trump in a series of speeches at rallies during a cross-country journey starting in New Mexico, calling on crowds to go with him to Washington on Jan. 6 and join the "war" over the presidential election results.
Judges in multiple states dismissed state and federal lawsuits filed by Trump's legal team that alleged widespread voting improprieties in the 2020 election while federal and state election security experts found no credible evidence of computer fraud in the election. In early December 2020, former Attorney General William Barr said that the Justice Department did not uncover any evidence of widespread voter fraud.
Mathew said recordings by a videographer accompanying Griffin outside the U.S. Capitol showed that the county commissioner "incited the mob, even after seeing members of the mob a short distance away attack police officers and violently try to break into the Capitol building."
The New Mexico Supreme Court later refused to hear the case after Griffin missed procedural deadlines.
Griffin reacted Monday to the Supreme Court's decision by taking to social media and asking Trump to make Griffin his running mate in 2024.
"I'm officially barred thru a court order of running for any other office other than the office of President," Griffin wrote. "I wonder if that holds true to the office of Vice President?"
Griffin on Monday said the Supreme Court took "the coward's way out" in dismissing his appeal without comment, calling it "the greatest attack on our democracy to date."
"When civil courtrooms can remove elected officials, it sets a very dangerous precedent," Griffin said. "Personally, I'm very disappointed and equally concerned about the future of our political system."
On the third anniversary of the Jan. 6 riot this year, Griffin cast himself as the victim of political persecution as he spoke to a gathering in the rural community of Gillette, Wyo., at the invitation of a county Republican Party.
"God is really allowing me to experience some amazing days," Griffin said. "Jan. 6 was a day like no other. It was a day where a type of patriotism was expressed that I'd never seen before, and I was honored to be there."
In 2019, Griffin forged a group of rodeo acquaintances into the promotional group called Cowboys for Trump, which staged horseback parades to support Trump's conservative message about gun rights, immigration controls and abortion restrictions.
While still a county commissioner, Griffin joined with Republican colleagues in refusing to certify results of the June 2022 primary election based on distrust of the voting systems used to tally the vote, even though the county's election official said there were no problems. The board ultimately certified the election on a 2-1 vote with Griffin still voting no based on a "gut feeling."
Griffin withstood a recall petition drive in 2021. After his disqualification from office, Griffin was tried and acquitted by a jury in his home county in March 2023 of allegations that he declined to register and disclose donors to Cowboys for Trump.
Information for this article was contributed by Morgan Lee, Nicholas Riccardi and Mark Sherman of The Associated Press and by Mariana Alfaro, Tom Jackman and Spencer S. Hsu of The Washington Post.
FILE - Couy Griffin, a former Otero County commissioner and cofounder of Cowboys for Trump, speaks during a gun rights rally in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Sept. 12, 2023. The Supreme Court has rejected an appeal by a former New Mexico county commissioner banished from public office for participating in the Jan. 6 Capitol insurrection. The court's order Monday means former Otero County commissioner Couy Griffin remains disqualified from public office under a constitutional provision designed to prevent ex-Confederates from serving in government after the Civil War. (AP Photo/Susan Montoya Bryan, File)
FILE - Otero County, New Mexico Commissioner Couy Griffin speaks to reporters as he arrives at federal court in Washington, June. 17, 2022. The Supreme Court has rejected an appeal by a former New Mexico county commissioner banished from public office for participating in the Jan. 6 Capitol insurrection. The court's order Monday means former Otero County commissioner Couy Griffin remains disqualified from public office under a constitutional provision designed to prevent ex-Confederates from serving in government after the Civil War. (AP Photo/Gemunu Amarasinghe, File)
FILE - The Supreme Court is seen on Capitol Hill in Washington, March 4, 2024. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)
FILE - The Supreme Court is photographed, Feb. 28, 2024 in Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin, File)
FILE - The Supreme Court is seen on Capitol Hill in Washington, March 4, 2024. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)
FILE - The Supreme Court is seen in Washington, March 7, 2024. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)