WASHINGTON -- HealthCare.gov's market for subsidized health plans reopens today for a special 3-month sign-up window as the Democratic-led Congress pushes a boost in financial help that could cut premiums by double digits.
This enrollment period during the coronavirus pandemic is an early test of President Joe Biden's strategy to use the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as a springboard toward health coverage for all. Advancing on a parallel track, the new covid-19 relief bill from House Democrats would offer a generous, though temporary, increase in subsidies for people covered by former President Barack Obama's health care law.
"It is a hugely important signaling move," said Katherine Hempstead of the nonpartisan Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. "The administration is doing more than having open enrollment here, they're saying they want to make this coverage more affordable."
While policy experts like Hempstead are taking note, it's unclear how uninsured Americans will respond. Obama's health law has been on the books over a decade, but surveys consistently show that many people lacking job-based insurance do not realize they may qualify. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that about 33 million people are uninsured this year.
At Foundation Communities, an Austin, Texas, nonprofit that serves low-income working people, program director Kori Hattemer says she's seeing an uptick in interest. Although her agency had not started advertising, appointments for enrollment assistance booked up quickly. Volunteer counselors are being called back.
For clients, "it's their last chance probably to enroll in health insurance for 2021," Hattemer said.
HealthCare.gov will be accepting applications through May 15, a period about twice as long as annual open enrollment. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, which runs the program, has a $50 million advertising budget. Under Biden, there will be a special emphasis on reaching Black and Latino communities.
People in the 36 states served by the federal HealthCare.gov marketplace will be able to apply. Additionally, most states that run their own marketplaces are matching the federal effort, giving it the feel of a national campaign.
The appeal for uninsured people could become much clearer if Congress increases premium subsidies as part of its next virus relief package.
"That would be a great incentive to get people in the door," said Tara Straw, a health policy analyst with the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, which advocates on behalf of low-income people. More generous help would be available not just to the newly enrolled but also to all who are covered through the law's marketplaces.
By the budget center's calculations, a family of four making $50,000 would pay $67 a month in premiums for a standard plan, instead of an average of $252 currently, while also qualifying for help with deductibles and co-pays. The boost in premium assistance would be available for this year and for 2022.
Similarly, a single person making $30,000 a year would pay $85 a month for a standard plan instead of the current $195.
The Democratic proposal would allow more middle-class households to qualify for financial help. On the opposite end of the scale, those who've experienced unemployment would qualify for additional subsidies.
Republicans who tried to repeal the law under President Donald Trump are calling the Democratic plan a waste of taxpayer dollars. But many Democrats see it as merely a down payment on a more ambitious health care agenda.
The Affordable Care Act now covers more than 20 million people through a combination of subsidized private plans and, in most states, expanded Medicaid.
Experts agree that job losses during the pandemic have led to more uninsured people, but it's unclear how many more. Some estimates range from 5 million to 10 million, while the Congressional Budget Office estimates closer to 3 million.
Chris Sloan of the consulting firm Avalere Health says it's likely that many who became unemployed in the pandemic had no job-based health insurance to begin with. That means they represent the demographic for which the health law was originally designed.
"People are coming back into the workforce as the unemployment rate comes down, but they may not necessarily have the same job or as good a job," said Sloan. "This will be a an important option for people still facing job and employment insecurity."