ANKARA, Turkey -- Turkey massed tanks and commandos at its frontier and accelerated work to cope with a possible surge of refugees after Russia refused to call off an offensive against the last rebel bastion in Syria.
Howitzers and armored cars were also headed for the border with Syria's Idlib province on Monday, according to the state-run Anadolu Agency, and the army reinforced 12 outposts on Syrian territory where Turkish soldiers along with Russians and Iranians monitor flare-ups of violence, according to reports.
Turkey regards the presence of its troops inside Idlib as a deterrent against a large-scale assault by forces of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and his allies. "The Russian jet fighters and the regime ground forces cannot afford attacks while Turkish soldiers are there," Ibrahim Kalin, spokesman for President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, wrote in a newspaper column on the weekend.
Idlib marks the latest critical juncture in a seven-year conflict that's killed more than a half-million people. Russia's military intervention three years ago turned the tide in Assad's favor at a time when he held less than a quarter of his country's territory. Now, major patrons Moscow and Iran are looking to consolidate gains ahead of any postwar settlement.
At a three-way summit between Russia, Iran and Turkey on Friday, President Vladimir Putin rejected Erdogan's call for a truce in Idlib, home to about 3 million civilians. The United Nations estimates there are also 10,000 fighters in the region with links to al-Qaida, and Putin and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani used their presence to insist the war must go on until terrorists in the region are crushed.
Turkey is worried fighting will push a new wave of refugees toward its border, while the routing of moderate rebels triggers the collapse of international peace efforts supposed to guarantee Ankara-backed forces a say in postwar Syria. U.S. President Donald Trump has warned Assad against committing a "slaughter" in the Syrian province.
Russia is trying to secure a green light from Erdogan because it understands that staging an assault on Idlib in the face of Turkish opposition risks pitting Russia and Iran against the U.S. and Turkey, said Alexei Malashenko, an expert at the Berlin-based Dialogue of Civilizations research group.
Turkey's worries over Syria aren't limited to Idlib. It is also alarmed by efforts by U.S.-backed Kurdish YPG forces -- regarded by Ankara as an affiliate of PKK separatists it has been battling for decades -- to recapture northern areas held by Turkish troops.
The fall of Idlib could make their defense harder.
Erdogan on Friday said Turkey couldn't cope with additional Syrian refugees, referring to more than 3.5 million people scattered across the country. Turkey has erected concrete barriers along the Syrian border and its army is preparing to stop new refugees within Syria, where Turkish humanitarian aid organizations are setting up camps.
Meanwhile, a top U.N. official warned Monday that an attack on rebel-held parts in Idlib in coming months could lead to this century's worst loss of life as government forces pounded the area from the air and ground.
Information for this article was contributed by Selcan Hacaoglu, Dave Merrill and Henry Meyer of Bloomberg News and by staff members of The Associated Press.
A Section on 09/11/2018