President Donald Trump slammed what he termed "decades of abuse" by Canada and then threatened again to terminate the North American Free Trade Agreement, a day after talks with the U.S.' northern neighbor stalled hours before a deadline.
"There is no political necessity to keep Canada in the new NAFTA deal. If we don't make a fair deal for the U.S. after decades of abuse, Canada will be out," Trump said Saturday on Twitter. "Congress should not interfere w/these negotiations or I will simply terminate NAFTA entirely & we will be far better off."
The president's tweet was sent shortly after he left the White House in a motorcade bound for his golf course in Virginia.
Trump's move on Friday to notify Congress that he planned to sign a deal with Mexico in 90 days and would include Canada "if it is willing" appeared to avoid what many in the U.S. business community and Congress had seen as a worst-case scenario. But Saturday's tweets opened the door again to that outcome.
"We were far better off before NAFTA -- should never have been signed. Even the Vat Tax was not accounted for. We make new deal or go back to pre-NAFTA!" Trump said.
That comment repeated a threat from the president earlier in the week to forge ahead with a bilateral trade agreement with Mexico that would leave out Canada, which he on Friday again accused of "ripping us off."
"We can't have these countries taking advantage of the United States," he told supporters in North Carolina.
After the announcement Monday, Canadian Foreign Minister Chrystia Freeland hurried to Washington for talks aimed at preserving Canada's membership in the regional trade agreement.
While the two sides failed to meet a deadline set by the White House, both U.S. and Canadian negotiators insisted that they were making progress. They also announced that they would resume talks on Wednesday after four days of intense negotiations in Washington ended without a final agreement.
Sending the notification to Congress effectively sets a new clock for the NAFTA negotiations. Under rules set by Congress, the administration is now facing a 30-day deadline to provide a full text of the agreement.
The 24-year-old NAFTA tore down most trade barriers dividing the United States, Mexico and Canada. Trade among the three countries surged. But many manufacturers responded to the agreement by moving factories south of the border to take advantage of low Mexican wages, then shipping goods north to the United States and Canada.
Trump has claimed that the deal wiped out American factory jobs. He has pledged to negotiate a better deal or withdraw from NAFTA altogether. Talks on a new trade deal started a year ago but bogged down over U.S. demands, including some meant to return manufacturing to the United States.
A few weeks ago, the United States began negotiating with Mexico, leaving Canada on the sidelines.
It's not clear whether the Trump administration has the authority to strike a deal with just Mexico, as it announced Monday, and exclude Canada. Also, Congress must approve any rewrite of NAFTA, signed under President Bill Clinton, and might refuse to endorse a deal that excludes Canada.
U.S. business groups welcomed the signs of progress but made clear that they would oppose any deal that did not include Canada.
"Anything other than a trilateral agreement won't win Congressional approval and would lose business support," the U.S. Chamber of Commerce said in a statement.
Trump's continuing vitriol toward Canada has complicated the politics for Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, who on Friday said he'll only sign an agreement that's right for his country.
Trudeau reiterated his government wouldn't concede to U.S. demands to dismantle its dairy system, known as supply management. Talks also hung up on U.S. insistence to eliminate dispute-resolution panels that Ottawa considers essential, two Canadian officials said Friday.
"We know that a win-win-win agreement is within reach," Freeland told reporters in Washington after talks wrapped up on Friday. But "Canada will only sign a deal that's a good deal for Canada, we are very, very clear about that," she added. She declined to identify the stickiest issues that were holding up a deal.
Experts have said the flash points include a provision in the U.S.-Mexico deal that shields U.S. makers of biologics -- expensive drugs produced in living cells -- from generic competition for 10 years instead of the eight Canada is willing to live with: The Canadians fear the protection will drive up drug prices and make their government health care system more costly.
Laura Macdonald, a political science professor at Carleton University in Ottawa, said that despite the rhetorical pressure from Trump, the negotiations still appeared to be proceeding remarkably normally. But the limits of Trump's leverage also were becoming clear with the president still needing to get any agreement through a Congress that has concerns about any pact that does not include Canada.
"Trump is making it blatantly obvious who has the most power in this situation, but he doesn't have complete power: Congress has a role to play," Macdonald said.
Trump has been pushing to get a new NAFTA approved under a process known as fast-track authority that allows him to seek a simple yes-or-no vote in Congress on trade deals, as long as his administration clears certain procedural hurdles.
Under fast-track rules, Trump must notify Congress 90 days before signing the deal. The White House set a deadline for Friday because it wanted to notify Congress in time for Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto to sign the accord before his successor, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, takes office Dec. 1. Any vote in Congress is unlikely to take place before 2019.
By then, the Democrats may control at least one chamber of Congress, and Nancy Pelosi, the minority leader in the House of Representatives, made clear Friday that any deal must include Canada.
"Actually fixing NAFTA requires reaching a trade agreement with both Mexico and Canada," she said. "Without a final agreement with Canada, the administration's work is woefully incomplete."
The administration had constructive talks with Canada and is still hopeful the nation will join the deal with the U.S. and Mexico, a senior administration official told reporters Friday. The U.S. intends for the new deal to replace the current NAFTA, said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity.
Even if Canada doesn't join and it becomes a U.S.-Mexico accord, the administration believes it can satisfy Congress' requirements using the fast-track route, the official said.
Information for this article was contributed by Andrew Mayeda, Josh Wingrove, Eric Martin, Shawn Donnan, Margaret Talev, Jennifer Jacobs, Greg Quinn and Toluse Olorunnipa of Bloomberg News; and by Luis Alonso Lugo, Paul Wiseman, Rob Gillies and Christopher Rugaber of The Associated Press.
A Section on 09/02/2018