Ukraine sends elite troops to Odessa to maintain order

In pro-Russia east, though, clashes are fatal to both sides

Mourners and family members cry next the coffin of regional parliament member Vyacheslav Markin, in Odessa, Ukraine, Monday, May 5, 2014. Markin, who was known for speaking out against the government in Kiev, was buried as about 300 pro-Russia supporters shouted "Hero, hero!" Markin died Sunday from burns sustained Friday in a fire that followed clashes in Odessa. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda)
Mourners and family members cry next the coffin of regional parliament member Vyacheslav Markin, in Odessa, Ukraine, Monday, May 5, 2014. Markin, who was known for speaking out against the government in Kiev, was buried as about 300 pro-Russia supporters shouted "Hero, hero!" Markin died Sunday from burns sustained Friday in a fire that followed clashes in Odessa. (AP Photo/Vadim Ghirda)

ODESSA, Ukraine - Ukraine sent an elite national guard unit to its southern port of Odessa, desperate to halt a spread of the fighting between government forces and a pro-Russia militia that in the east killed combatants on both sides Monday.

The government in Kiev intensified its attempts to bring both the south and the east back under its control but seemed particularly alarmed by the bloodshed in Odessa. It had been largely peaceful until Friday, when clashes killed 46 people, many of them in a government building that was set on fire.

The tensions in Ukraine also raised concerns in neighboring Moldova, another former Soviet republic, where the government said late Monday that it had put its borders on alert. Moldova’s breakaway Trans-Dniester region, located just northwest of Odessa and home to 1,500 Russian troops, is supported by Moscow, and many of its residents sympathize with the pro-Russia insurgency.

The loss of Odessa - in addition to a swath of industrial eastern Ukraine - would be catastrophic for the interim government in Kiev, leaving the country cut off from the Black Sea. Ukraine already lost a significant part of its coastline in March, when its Crimean Peninsula was annexed by Russia.

Compared with eastern Ukraine, Odessa is a wealthy city with an educated and ethnically diverse population of more than 1 million. Jews make up 12 percent of the population of the city, which once had a large Jewish community.

“The people of Odessa are well-educated and understand perfectly well that Russia is sowing the seeds of civil war and destabilization in Ukraine,” said Vladimir Kureichik, a 52-year-old literature teacher who left Crimea after it became part of Russia.

The White House said it was “extremely concerned” by the violence in southern Ukraine.

“The events in Odessa dramatically underscore the need for an immediate de-escalation of tensions in Ukraine,” spokesman Jay Carney said. He suggested that Russia still must follow through with its part of a diplomatic deal aimed at defusing the tensions.

In eastern Ukraine, gunfire and multiple explosions rang out in and around Slovyansk, a city of 125,000 in the Russian-speaking heartland that has become the focus of the armed insurgency against the government in Kiev.

Arsen Avakov, the acting interior minister, told the Interfax-Ukraine news agency that the flare-up began when pro-Russian militants ambushed government forces.

“In the morning, a squad in the anti-terrorist operation was hit by an ambush by terrorist groups. They are using heavy weapons,” Avakov was quoted as saying from a checkpoint close to Slovyansk, using the Ukrainian government’s term for the separatists. He said there were fatalities, but he did not provide a death toll.

In Semyonovka, at least one rebel was injured. In Andreyevka, where Ukrainian forces took and subsequently withdrew from a bridge last week, shots were exchanged, but no casualties were reported.

For several days, forces loyal to the interim government in Kiev have been deployed as part of an effort to dislodge the pro-Russian militants who have taken control of key installations in several eastern cities.

The crisis could worsen, Ukrainian interim President Oleksandr Turchinov told Ukrainian television on Friday, which was Victory Day in Ukraine, this time celebrating the 69th anniversary of the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II.

“War is in effect being waged against us, and we must be ready to repel this aggression,” Turchinov was quoted as saying as he announced the plan to ring Kiev with roadblocks.

The Russian Foreign Ministry put the blame squarely on Kiev, which “stubbornly continues to wage war against the people of its own country.” The ministry urged what it called the “Kiev organizers of the terror” to pull back the troops and hold peaceful negotiations to resolve the crisis.

Avakov said in a statement that Ukrainian government troops were battling about 800 pro-Russia forces, which were using large-caliber weapons and mortars. His ministry reported four officers killed and 30 wounded in the fighting.

The pro-Russia militia said at least eight people, both militiamen and local residents, were killed. A spokesman with the militia said that out of 10 people admitted to a hospital in Slovyansk with gunshot wounds, three later died. Five more were killed in fighting in the village of Semenivka.

Both sides indicated that fighting was taking place at several locales. An Associated Press crew saw at least four ambulances rushing wounded to a hospital in Slovyansk and one militiaman being carried in for treatment.

This nation of 46 million is facing its worst crisis in decades after its Moscow-leaning president, whose base was in the east, fled to Russia in February after months of street protests. Those eastern regions are now at odds with Ukraine’s western and central areas, which seek closer ties with Europe and largely back the government in Kiev.

The West has offered billions of dollars in loans to help Kiev stave off economic collapse. Prime Minister Arseniy Yatsenyuk said Ukraine expects to receive more than $5 billion in May, according to a government statement Monday. This includes $3 billion from the International Monetary Fund, $1 billion from the U.S. and up to $1.4 billion from the European Union.

The goal of the pro-Russia insurgency is ostensibly to push for broader autonomy in the east, but some do favor seceding from Ukraine and joining up with Russia.

In recent weeks, pro-Russia forces have stormed and seized government buildings and police stations in a dozen eastern cities. Kiev accuses Moscow of backing the insurgents and fears that Russia could use the violence as a pretext to invade. Tens of thousands of Russian troops have been deployed along Ukraine’s eastern border.

But even as violence spread across the east, Odessa had been largely tranquil until Friday, when pro-Ukrainian demonstrators fought back after being attacked by pro-Russian groups.

“We feel ourselves to be residents of a free city, Europeans,” said Denis Sukhomlinsky, a 34-year-old businessman who took part in the clashes. “We don’t need the Russian iron hand or the dictatorship of [President Vladimir] Putin.”

Pro-Russia activists, however, echo Putin in describing the region as historically part of Russia. Nearly 30 percent of Odessa’s residents identify themselves as Russian.

“We will not become the slaves of NATO and the European Union and will fight to the end,” said Vyacheslav Khrutsky, 45.

The unrest in Odessa brought into question the loyalty of its police force. On Sunday, pro-Russian demonstrators stormed police headquarters and freed 67 people who had been detained in the rioting. Riot police simply stood by and did not interfere.

Presumably to prevent police from releasing more prisoners, the Interior Ministry said Monday that 42 others were being sent to another region for investigation.

The Interior Ministry also said it was sending an elite national guard unit from Kiev to re-establish control in Odessa, and the well-armed officers were seen on patrol.

On the outskirts of Kiev, checkpoints were set up Monday to control movement into the capital. Cars and buses with out-of-town license plates and other suspicious vehicles were stopped for inspection by police, working with the national guard and local volunteers.

Police Col. Serhiy Boiko said they were looking for weapons and explosives but also for printed material that could be used to stir tensions.

The international community has accused Russia of fomenting the unrest in an attempt to destabilize Ukraine and derail the May 25 presidential elections.

While Putin has made no public comment on Ukraine since the Odessa fire, several Russian politicians have ramped up their anti-Ukraine rhetoric. Russian state media outlets have referred to the fire as genocide.

Also Monday, Putin signed into law legislation making it a crime to deny Nazi war crimes or spread deliberately false information about the actions of the Soviet Union during World War II. Those convicted could face up to five years in prison.

The Kremlin has used national pride over the Soviet war victory to consolidate Russian society behind Putin.These patriotic feelings also have figured in a relentless Kremlin-driven propaganda campaign to denigrate the Ukrainian authorities by describing them as fascists and neo-Nazis.

Leaders in Moldova announced that its borders were on alert because of concerns about the violence in neighboring Ukraine. President Nicolae Timofti, Prime Minister Iurie Leanca and Parliament speaker Igor Coreman said in a statement that security forces had been ordered “to take all necessary actions to ensure public order inside the country.”

They made no reference to any specific threat in the statement but “expressed their concern about the deterioration of the security climate in the region following the escalation of violence in Ukraine,” affirming support for Ukraine’s territorial integrity.

Russia has said it respects Moldova’s territorial integrity, but Moldovan leaders are concerned about unrest in Trans-Dniester, which is controlled by pro-Russian separatists. Moldova has a 758-mile border with Ukraine.

British Foreign Minister William Hague held talks Monday with Moldovan authorities and said the former Soviet republic should move forward with talks on closer ties to the EU without being seen as a threat to Russia. Hague said Britain is “strongly opposed to any external pressure or any violations of sovereignty and territorial integrity.” Information for this article was contributed by Radul Radovanovic, Yuras Karmanau, Corneliu Rusnac, Laura Mills and Lynn Berry of The Associated Press; and by Noah Sneider and Alan Cowell of The New York Times.

Front Section, Pages 1 on 05/06/2014

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