Amazon chief joins race for moon

Bezos’ startup teams with 3 others to pitch lander to NASA

WASHINGTON -- The race is on to build the next spacecraft that will land American astronauts on the moon -- and the richest man in the world wants to come in first.

On Tuesday, three major aerospace companies led by Blue Origin, the rocket company started by Jeff Bezos, chief executive of Amazon, announced that they would collaborate on a design that they will submit to NASA.

The Trump administration has accelerated the U.S. effort to return to the moon by four years, aiming at 2024 instead of 2028. Private companies are central to this faster timeline, which has driven NASA to turn to nimble startups, like Bezos' Blue Origin. His company, working with other powerhouse corporations, would not only build spacecraft for the agency but also replace NASA in designing them, too, and all at a fixed price.

The hope is that these companies will get the job done faster for less money.

By partnering with Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman and Draper Laboratory, Blue Origin, founded by a billionaire with big space dreams, will gain skills and experience it lacks.

"This is the only way to get back to the moon fast," Bezos said Tuesday as he accepted an award from the International Astronautical Federation.

The inflow of dollars -- not just from billionaires, but also venture capitalists and institutional investors -- has altered the space industry, said Mary Lynne Dittmar, executive director of the Coalition for Deep Space Exploration, a space advocacy group. Some of the companies now have the resources to develop and build entire systems, like a lunar lander.

"Once you start doing that, then NASA can start leveraging that," Dittmar said.

While NASA has been working on a big rocket known as the Space Launch System and a capsule called Orion for human missions to deep space, it had not yet started on a lunar lander.

In contrast to Apollo, in which the giant Saturn 5 rocket carried all of the pieces needed for a moon landing, NASA this time will employ a more complex choreography for the new missions, named Artemis, after the twin sister of Apollo.

First, NASA will construct an outpost called Gateway that will orbit the moon. Then the pieces of the landing system will be sent to the Gateway.

The landing system will consist of three pieces -- a module that moves the astronauts and the other pieces of the lander from the Gateway to an orbit much closer to the moon; a descent module that guides the lander to the lunar surface; and an ascent module that lifts the astronauts back into space after their stay on the moon.

When all of the pieces are in place, the astronauts are to launch in an Orion capsule atop a Space Launch System rocket to the Gateway where they will board the lander for the moon. They are expected to land near the moon's south pole.

NASA is working on compressed timelines, with submissions for the lander contract due Nov. 1. And some companies realized that they might not have all the pieces to put together a strong proposal.

Blue Origin does not yet have experience with sending people to space. It has so far only tested a small reusable rocket and capsule to carry tourists to the edge of space. The company has been working for several years on the Blue Moon lander, but it was originally designed for taking heavy cargo, not people, to the moon.

"A national priority requires a national team, so we brought what we feel is best in class to the job," said Brent Sherwood, vice president of advanced development programs for Blue Origin.

Business on 10/23/2019

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