Experts warn of auto-tariff risks

Higher prices, lower sales forecast if U.S. targets neighbors

In this Tuesday, June 12, 2018, photo, trucks cross the Ambassador Bridge from Windsor, Ontario into Detroit. In nearly a quarter-century since NAFTA was approved, a complex chain of automotive parts makers has sprung up on both sides of the U.S.-Canada border. About 7,400 trucks cross the bridge between Detroit and Windsor every day, many laden with auto parts. (AP Photo/Paul Sancya)
In this Tuesday, June 12, 2018, photo, trucks cross the Ambassador Bridge from Windsor, Ontario into Detroit. In nearly a quarter-century since NAFTA was approved, a complex chain of automotive parts makers has sprung up on both sides of the U.S.-Canada border. About 7,400 trucks cross the bridge between Detroit and Windsor every day, many laden with auto parts. (AP Photo/Paul Sancya)

DETROIT -- Every workday, about 7,400 trucks mostly loaded with automotive parts rumble across the Ambassador Bridge connecting Detroit and Canada, at times snarling traffic along the busy corridor.

But if President Donald Trump delivers on threats to impose 25 percent tariffs on imported vehicles and components, there could be far fewer big rigs heading to factories that are now humming at close to capacity on both sides of the border.

The tariff threat could be a negotiating ploy to restart stalled talks on the North American Free Trade Agreement. But it also could be real, since the administration already has imposed duties on $50 billion worth of Chinese imports, as well as steel and aluminum from China, the European Union, Canada and Mexico.

Tariffs against China include some autos and parts, but the administration targeted Canada and Mexico, the effect would be far larger because auto manufacturing has been integrated among the three countries for nearly a quarter-century.

The Commerce Department said in a statement last week that it "has just launched its investigation into whether imports of auto and auto parts threaten to impair the national security. That investigation, which has only just begun, will inform recommendations to the president for action or inaction."

If the wider auto tariffs are imposed, industry experts say, they will disrupt a decades-old symbiotic parts supply chain; raise vehicle prices; cut new-vehicle sales; cost jobs in the U.S., Canada and Mexico; and even slow related sectors of the economy.

"It seems like it is going to be so devastating that I can't imagine that they're actually going to do it," said Kristin Dziczek, vice president of labor and economics at the Center for Automotive Research, an industry think tank.

Trump, who criticized Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau after a contentious economic summit of the Group of Seven industrialized nations earlier this month, told the Commerce Department to look at national security reasons to justify tariffs with the hopes of bringing factory jobs to the U.S.

He tweeted that the administration would "look at tariffs on automobiles flooding the U.S. Market!"

But experts predict the tariffs likely would not bring more jobs, instead slowing the economy as other countries retaliate.

The tariffs would be charged on parts and assembled automobiles. Canada, Mexico and others would likely retaliate with duties, and automakers wouldn't be able to absorb all of the increases, experts say. So the automakers would have to raise prices. Imported parts, which all cars and trucks have, would cost more, further raising costs.

"We're all going to pay a lot more for vehicles," said Tim Galbraith, sales manager of Cavalier Tool and Manufacturing in Windsor, Ontario, near Detroit. The company makes steel molds used to produce plastic auto parts.

About 44 percent of the 17.2 million new vehicles sold last year in the U.S. were imported from other countries, and half of those were from Canada and Mexico. All have parts from outside the U.S., sometimes as much as 40 percent.

Based on the 24-year-old NAFTA, automakers and suppliers constantly ship fully assembled vehicles as well as engines, transmissions and thousands of small widgets across both U.S. borders. Parts also arrive from China and other countries.

It's difficult to determine how large any price increases would be. But some calculations show that a Chevrolet Equinox small SUV made in Canada would cost about $5,250 more in the U.S. if General Motors didn't eat part of any cost increase. That's based on an average price of $30,000 in the U.S. for the hot-selling Equinox, made primarily in Ingersoll, Ontario. Tariffs are charged on the manufacturing cost, which is about 70 percent of the sales price.

Toyota's RAV4, an Equinox competitor and the top-selling vehicle in the U.S. that's not a pickup, also is made in Canada and would face the same duties. "An import tariff would hurt consumers the most since it would increase the costs of vehicles and parts," Toyota said in a statement.

Honda's CR-V, another small SUV, is made in Ohio and would be exempt from a tariff on assembled vehicles, so it would have a price advantage. But about one-quarter of its parts are from other countries. That would force Honda to raise its prices too, Dziczek said.

With higher prices, people are more likely to either keep current vehicles or buy used ones.

Jeff Schuster, senior vice president of LMC Automotive, expects U.S. new-vehicle sales would fall by between 1 million and 2 million per year if tariffs were imposed.

Since U.S. auto factories making popular models are running near capacity, automakers couldn't do much in the short run to build more vehicles in the U.S. and avoid the tariff, Schuster said.

Information for this article was contributed by Frank Bajak, Chris Rugaber and Paul Wiseman of The Associated Press.

Business on 06/19/2018

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