Syrian offensive starts on al-Qaida in north

Idlib push carries humanitarian risks

In this photo provided on Wednesday Jan. 3, 2018 by the Syrian anti-government activist group, Edlib Media Center, EMC, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows members of the Syrian civil defense known as the White Helmets, gathering at a street which was attacked by Russian airstrikes, in Maarat al-Nuaman town, southern Idlib province, Syria. Syrian government forces and allied militiamen are advancing on the largest remaining rebel-held territory in the country's north, forcing thousands of civilians to flee toward the border with Turkey amid a crushing offensive just as the cold winter weather sets in.
In this photo provided on Wednesday Jan. 3, 2018 by the Syrian anti-government activist group, Edlib Media Center, EMC, which has been authenticated based on its contents and other AP reporting, shows members of the Syrian civil defense known as the White Helmets, gathering at a street which was attacked by Russian airstrikes, in Maarat al-Nuaman town, southern Idlib province, Syria. Syrian government forces and allied militiamen are advancing on the largest remaining rebel-held territory in the country's north, forcing thousands of civilians to flee toward the border with Turkey amid a crushing offensive just as the cold winter weather sets in.

BEIRUT -- Government forces and allied militiamen in Syria are advancing on the largest remaining rebel-held territory in the country's north, forcing thousands of civilians to flee toward the border with Turkey in freezing weather.

The offensive on Idlib -- a large province in northwestern Syria packed with civilians and dominated by al-Qaida-linked militants -- was expected after the defeat of the Islamic State extremist group late last year. Last week, Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said the main military operations against the Islamic State in Syria have ended and signaled that the focus would shift to al-Qaida-linked militants.

The Idlib offensive carries significant risks.

The province bordering Turkey is home to more than 2.6 million Syrians, according to the U.N., including more than 1.1 million who fled fighting elsewhere in the country. A full-blown government offensive could cause large-scale destruction and displacement.

Turkey, a supporter of the rebels, has deployed military observers in the province as part of a de-escalation deal with Iran and Russia, but that has not stopped the fighting on the ground or Russian airstrikes against the insurgents.

It is not clear how far the current offensive aims to reach, and recapturing the entire province is expected to be a long and bloody process.

Opposition activists say the main target for now appears to be the sprawling rebel-held air base of Abu Zuhour, on the southeastern edge of the province, and securing the Damascus-Aleppo road that cuts through Idlib.

On Sunday, government forces recaptured the town of Sinjar, removing a key obstacle to its march toward the air base, according to reports by the state-affiliated Al-Ikhbariya TV. The town of Sinjar is about 12 miles south of Abu Zuhour.

And hours later, a car bombing in the city of Idlib, the province's capital, killed 23 people and wounded dozens, according to activist groups. No one immediately claimed responsibility for the attack.

The blast ignited fires, damaged buildings and overturned several cars along a wide avenue in the city, according to photos and video posted by the activist-run Thiqa News Agency and Baladi News Agencies. Ambulances and fire brigades were seen rushing to the scene.

The bombing took place outside an office of an insurgent group called Ajnad al-Koukaz, according to the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights and a local media activist who declined to be named out of fear of reprisals.

The faction is made up of foreign fighters, mostly from the Caucuses and Russia, said the media activist. It is in alliance with an al-Qaida-linked faction that dominates the province, according to the Observatory's chief, Rami Abdurrahman.

There were no sounds of an airstrike, according to local activist Abdulghani Dabaan. Residents said they believed it was a car bomb.

Over the past two months, troops backed by Russian airstrikes have captured more than 80 towns and villages in the northern parts of the nearby Hama province and breached Idlib itself for the first time since mid-2015.

The offensive gained more intensity on Christmas Day, when one of President Bashar Assad's most trusted and experienced officers took command of the operation to extend the government's presence toward Idlib and boost security for the road that links the capital, Damascus, with Aleppo, Syria's largest city.

Brig. Gen. Suheil al-Hassan, also known among his troops as "Tiger," has led elite forces to many victories against insurgents since the conflict began nearly seven years ago. He has been credited most recently with the defeat of the Islamic State in much of eastern Syria, including the monthslong battle for the city of Deir el-Zour.

"Conditions on the ground are wretched for the rebels," said an opposition activist based in northern Syria who asked to be identified by his first name, Hassan, for fear of reprisals by insurgents.

He said rebels are stuck in a two-front battle with government forces and remaining pockets of Islamic State militants. He said the Russian airstrikes have exacted a heavy toll.

Another opposition activist based in Hama province, Mohammed al-Ali, said the Russians and the Syrian government are "carpet-bombing" villages before pushing into them.

"The Russian airstrikes, weak fortifications and Islamic State attacks in Hama" have all helped government forces, he said by telephone.

Hassan and al-Ali said it is highly unlikely that government forces would march toward the provincial capital, also named Idlib, because it would set up a costly battle with highly experienced and well-armed al-Qaida-linked insurgents.

The province is dominated by the Levant Liberation Committee, which claims to have severed ties with al-Qaida but is widely believed to still be affiliated with it.

Al-Hassan's chief mission for now appears to be securing the Damascus-Aleppo road.

In December 2016, Assad's forces captured rebel-held parts of the city of Aleppo, marking the government's biggest victory since the conflict began.

The main road to the capital remained perilous, however, with insurgents attacking it from the west and Islamic State from the east. The troops have since driven the Islamic State back, but the western side remains exposed.

Four days after al-Hassan took over operational command, troops managed to break through the militants' heavy defenses and capture the town of Abu Dali, a link between Hama, Idlib and Aleppo.

Since then, thousands of people have been fleeing with their belongings amid harsh cold weather toward safer areas farther north, including Idlib city and areas near the border with Turkey.

Pro-opposition media say that more than 5,000 families have fled the violence over the past two weeks, some renting homes or staying in tents in open fields, others left homeless.

Tens of thousands of displaced Syrians are also along the nation's border with Jordan. On Sunday, Jordan said that it will permit a one-time crane drop of U.N. aid to the refugees.

The kingdom sealed its border with Syria in 2016, after Islamic State extremists killed seven Jordanian border guards.

The closure ended regular U.N. aid shipments from Jordan to displaced Syrians struggling for survival in a remote stretch of desert.

Jordan alleges that the Rukban border camp has been infiltrated by the Islamic State group and that cross-border traffic endangers the kingdom. It insists that the U.N. deliver aid from war-ravaged Syria.

Jordan's Foreign Ministry said the kingdom would permit the use of a crane but only this once. A crane drop involves having a crane pick up a container with aid from the Jordanian side of the sealed border, lift it across and drop it off on the Syrian side.

The ministry's decision came after the United Nations submitted a plan for aid delivery from Syria.

U.N. refugee agency officials were not immediately available for comment.

Last week, government forces advanced to within around 8 miles of Khan Sheikhoun, where a sarin nerve gas attack killed more than 90 people last year, prompting the U.S. to launch a missile attack on Assad's troops.

Experts from the U.N. and other monitoring groups blamed the chemical attack on the government, which denied responsibility.

The Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, which monitors the fighting through a network of activists, said that some 43 civilians, 57 militants and 46 pro-government forces have been killed since the offensive led by al-Hassan began on Dec. 25.

"The regime wants to take the eastern part of Idlib province," said the Observatory's. "Their aim is to remove any threat to the road" between Damascus and Aleppo, he said.

Al-Hassan, a general with the country's powerful air force intelligence service, has led elite forces to victory in Aleppo and across much of eastern Syria.

Russian President Vladimir Putin praised al-Hassan during a visit to Syria last month, where he met with him, along with Assad and Russian officers at the Hemeimeem air base.

"Your Russian colleagues told me about your work and that you and your soldiers carry out the missions effectively," Putin told al-Hassan as Assad and Russian officers looked on. "I hope that this cooperation will bring more success in the future."

Information for this article was contributed by Philip Issa and other staff members of The Associated Press.

A Section on 01/08/2018

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