Federal Reserve officials focused on the impact of potential fiscal stimulus during their December policy meeting, with many starting to worry that the central bank might eventually be forced to quicken the pace of interest-rate increases to battle higher inflation.
Almost all the participants "indicated that the upside risks to their forecasts for economic growth had increased as a result of prospects for more expansionary fiscal policies in coming years," read the minutes of the Dec. 13-14 meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee, released Wednesday in Washington.
Despite growing attention to the risks of fiscal policy spurring faster growth than currently forecast, most on the committee reiterated that a "gradual" pace of rate increases over the coming years would likely remain appropriate.
The minutes of the session, at which officials raised their benchmark lending rate by a quarter percentage point, showed that uncertainties over future fiscal policies weighed heavily in their discussion of the economy and the future path of monetary policy.
President-elect Donald Trump promised higher spending on infrastructure, tax cuts and regulatory reform during his campaign, but he has offered few new details of his policy goals since winning the Nov. 8 election. His inauguration is set for Jan. 20.
"Participants emphasized their considerable uncertainty about the timing, size and composition of any future fiscal and other economic policy initiatives as well as about how those policies might affect aggregate demand and supply," the minutes said.
The committee was divided on how far unemployment was likely to fall, and over the consequences for inflation if it fell significantly below the Fed's goal.
Many participants judged the risks of a sizable underestimate on unemployment had increased somewhat, according to the minutes. Still, most participants expected the unemployment rate would fall only "modestly below their estimates of the longer-run normal rate."
The minutes showed that about half of the committee members had begun to incorporate assumptions about expansionary fiscal policy into their forecasts.
Among officials still emphasizing the downside risks to the economy, some mentioned repeatedly the headwind created by an appreciating dollar.
The U.S. currency has surged since the election, partly in anticipation of fiscal policies under the incoming Trump administration. A stronger dollar hurts growth by making U.S. exports less competitive and slows inflation by making imports cheaper.
At their December meeting, officials raised the number of quarter-point rate increases they foresee in 2017, to three from two, while signaling growing confidence in the economy, according to their median estimate.
Unemployment declined to 4.6 percent in November, its lowest level in more than nine years and close to most economists' estimates for the its lowest sustainable level. The Fed's preferred measure of price inflation was 1.6 percent in the 12 months through November after excluding food and energy components. Policy makers expect that to rise this year toward their 2 percent goal.
The Federal Open Market Committee holds eight scheduled meetings a year, with the next session slated for Jan. 31-Feb. 1.
Business on 01/05/2017