TOKYO -- Japan is gearing up for the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics with gusto, investing in everything from stadiums to electric cars, and expecting an economic bonanza from a construction frenzy and an influx of visitors.
On the face of it, hosting the Olympics is a big win for Japan at a time when its economy seems besieged by intractable problems. The Bank of Japan estimates the economic perk at $250 billion, many times even the highest estimate of the costs to prepare for and run the event. (Tokyo also hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics.)
But for some, 2020 is another manifestation of what has been going wrong in Japan for decades. Instead of modernizing the economy and taking other steps to address the powerful headwinds of an aging population and shrinking workforce, the government has turned again to its well-worn playbook of borrow and hope.
Discussion and fears about what Japan can turn to for an economic lifeline after the Olympics have become so commonplace it's even been given a name: the 2020 problem.
Japan "will overstretch itself," William Saito, an entrepreneur and technology expert, said of the spending for the games. "It will quite possibly be the straw that broke the camel's back," he said. "Everyone is predicting that it will be that catalyst."
In his concerns, Saito is joined by a chorus of doomsayers. The title of one recent book screams: Japanese Land Prices Sink to a Third of Their Value! The Crisis That Comes After the 2020 Tokyo Olympics.
Prophetically, for the naysayers, preparations for the Olympics have already hit big snags. The design of the main stadium has been redone after a public uproar over its cost. The Tokyo Olympics emblem is being redesigned because of plagiarism allegations.
And the organizing committee has not disclosed an official estimate of costs, saying it's still trying to figure it out and did not know when such a number would be ready. It has acknowledged the cost will be considerably higher than the $3 billion it gave when the city was bidding.
The dire predictions of what's in store for Japan after the Olympics range from a collapse in property prices to a financial crisis sparked by the weight of the government's debt burden, which is the highest in the industrial world at 234 percent of gross domestic product.
The time limit for getting that debt under control may be running out, said Kazumasa Oguro, professor of economics at Hosei University.
In the current climate of low interest rates, the government can afford its interest payments but if rates rise significantly, the drain on state finances could become catastrophic.
"One day, it will be game over," Oguro said.
If the premonitions of disaster have a familiar ring to them, it's because a constellation of experts and media pundits has been predicting the demise of Japan ever since its bubble economy burst in the 1980s and ushered in an era of anemic growth.
But for all its well-known problems, Japan is still the world's third-largest economy. Many of its top companies are innovative and dominant globally in their respective industries. Japanese culture exerts a powerful influence worldwide in areas from food to film and a talent for refining and improving on the creations of the West and other cultures has influenced architecture, fashion and other industries.
Masatsugu Doi, the chief operating officer of eWarrant Japan Securities Co., believes many options are available to bolster Japan, ranging from increasing baby sitters to encourage working women, to challenging changes such as raising the pension age to 75.
"We still have time as long as the government acts," he said.
Still, there is little disagreement over the inevitable that Japan needs to increase taxes and cut public expenditure to avoid a future debt crisis.
Japan's challenges, however, are a precursor of what might be awaiting other nations in Europe as well as countries such as China and South Korea.
Japan is merely ahead of the rest of the world in graying. By 2020, nearly a third of the nation's population is expected to be 65 and older, as the birth rate continues to fall.
Just the idea of an aging society is enough to work as a deterrent to consumer spending, as the young worry the government won't be able to afford pensions in the future, said Chihiro Shimizu, professor at National University of Singapore's Institute of Real Estate Studies, who co-authored the book predicting a collapse in property prices.
Shinichiro Kobayashi, senior economist at Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting, said Japan is good at working toward a goal like the Olympics because of a strong work ethic and organizational ability but hasn't succeeded at reshaping its economy.
To demonstrate his concerns, he drew a long line curving downward on a white board, with a shorter straight line sticking out for a bit, to 2020.
"Everyone is worried about the future of Japan," he said. "The Tokyo Olympics is that one single bright spot."
SundayMonday Business on 02/14/2016