The messages law enforcement personnel sent one another -- more than 5,000 -- were crude, referring to people as animals, using profane terms as labels -- and, worst, containing some horrifying jokes implying violence.
They were fired.
That was in Camden County, N.J., where 11 white prison guards lost their jobs for racially insulting texts sent and received on personal cellphones, on and off the clock.
In Pennsylvania, dozens of prosecutors, judges, and investigators who exchanged hundreds of sexually demeaning emails on government computers are still working.
Two similar situations, two different outcomes.
Human resource experts say most large private-sector employers have lawyer-vetted policies such as one suggested by the Society for Human Resource Management that prohibit using company computers to send and receive "any offensive, disruptive, or harassing messages or images," including those with sexual language and racial slurs.
What to do if policies are violated is murkier, even for the experts.
"Disciplinary action for violation of this policy may include termination, suspension or transfer of the offending employee," the society's suggested template reads.
"The measure of discipline will correspond to the gravity of the offense as weighed by its potential effect on (the firm) and fellow employees," the society template adds.
A bigger issue, experts say, is whether these behaviors affect the employees' abilities to do their jobs fairly and honorably, without bias or prejudice.
"You can't use this wildly inappropriate behavior in your role as a law enforcement officer," said Camden County spokesman Dan Keashen, speaking about the officers who lost their jobs in February. Two retired. Nine have contested the discipline.
"How can you serve your community if you are extremely racist and biased?"
Pennsylvania Attorney General Kathleen Kane made a similar point last week when she announced the appointment of a special prosecutor to look into the sexually charged emails exchanged among judges, prosecutors, and investigators, including three former state attorney general's office investigators who now work for the Philadelphia district attorney.
"No African-American should walk into a courtroom where the judge or prosecutor or defense attorney mocks him or her," Kane said.
"No woman should go to work and be subjected to consistent treatment of disgusting indignity by women-haters because they were born with one less body part -- which, the last I heard, does not contain any extra brain cells," she said.
Kane's critics say her handling of the matter smacks of retaliation stemming from a feud over the handling of a political-corruption investigation.
Even so, over the past year, the email scandal has forced more than half a dozen people to lose their positions, including a Supreme Court justice who retired. Last week, Philadelphia District Attorney Seth Williams transferred the three investigators he hired from Kane's office to lower-profile positions, after calls from the City Council that they should be fired.
"I don't know any employer that would put up with it," said Mark Izzo, founder of Converge HR Solutions, a consulting company in Wayne.
Most employers, he said, would quickly fire employees who, on the job, exchanged emails involving photos of women's private parts and images of women having sex with each other.
Even people who receive emails are in danger: Their best strategy, he said, is to save a copy and report it immediately to supervisors, documenting everything.
But, Izzo said, it gets tricky if the behaviors are widespread or if they are tolerated by the organization's leaders.
"If they're allowing them, they're condoning them," he said, with the same idea applying to minor situations such as workers arriving late.
If leaders are involved, he said, it might be easier to fire them and have incoming management set a new tone.
In Camden County, prison officials initiated sensitivity sessions, hiring a retired Pennsylvania State Police major who runs a human-resource consulting firm.
"Once you have identified the situation, then you start to address those issues through training and awareness," said the major, Benjamin Brooks. "Oftentimes, people will do these things and they may not be conscious of the impact it has on other people."
"When you deal with a culture, there is still that code of silence," he said. "A bunch of guys are exchanging jokes and everyone is laughing, but you don't know how everyone is receiving it. Someone may be upset, but because of peer pressure, they may not voice their concerns."
Williams also ordered five hours of sensitivity training for the district attorney's office.
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