NEWPORT, Wales -- Ukraine's president expressed "careful optimism" Thursday that a peace deal could be reached with Russian-backed separatists at their coming talks, even as he and NATO leaders agreed that Moscow should be punished for its role in the insurgency.
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President Petro Poroshenko said he was ready to order a cease-fire in eastern Ukraine if a deal is signed at scheduled talks today in Minsk, Belarus. The rebels said they were ready to declare a truce if agreement can be reached on a political settlement for the mostly Russian-speaking region.
"Look, Ukraine is fighting for peace," Poroshenko said at a news conference, speaking in English. "It's Ukraine which pays the highest price every single day, losing lives of soldiers, innocent civilians."
As head of state, Poroshenko said, he is "ready to do my best to stop the war," and he voiced "careful optimism" about the meeting.
Before flying to Wales for the meetings with NATO leaders, Poroshenko discussed the outlines of a peace deal with Russian President Vladimir Putin, who also expressed optimism about the chances of reaching agreement.
For all the upbeat assessments, however, NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen was skeptical of Russian motives.
"If recent statements from President Putin represent a genuine effort to find a political solution, I would welcome it because that's exactly what we need: a constructive political process," Rasmussen said. "However, what counts is what is actually happening on the ground, so it remains to be seen what it is, and I have to say that previously we have seen similar statements and initiatives, and they have been a smoke screen for continued Russian destabilization of the situation in Ukraine."
Since mid-April, Moscow-backed separatists have been fighting government troops in a conflict the U.N. estimates has killed nearly 2,600 people. On Thursday, a NATO military officer said the ranks of Russian soldiers directly involved in the conflict have grown.
"Our current assessment is that several thousand Russian combat troops are actively engaged in fighting in Ukraine," said the officer, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not allowed to make public remarks on intelligence matters. NATO previously had put the number of Russians at 1,000.
The Russian forces "are equipped with a spectrum of combat capabilities, including hundreds of tanks and armored vehicles, as well as artillery and combat support elements," the NATO officer said.
Kremlin officials repeatedly have denied Russian troops or military assets are involved.
Facing major challenges with simultaneous conflicts in Ukraine, Syria and Iraq and a winding down of operations in Afghanistan, NATO leaders began a two-day summit at a golf resort in southern Wales.
Before the official proceedings started, Poroshenko met with President Barack Obama and the leaders of NATO's four major European powers: British Prime Minister David Cameron, French President Francois Hollande, German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi.
A White House official said Obama and the other Western leaders expressed solidarity with Ukraine and agreed Russia should be punished for its conduct.
"The leaders reiterated their condemnation of Russia's continued flagrant violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity, and agreed on the need for Russia to face increased costs for its actions," U.S. deputy national security adviser Ben Rhodes said. "The leaders also expressed their strong support for President Poroshenko's efforts to achieve a peaceful resolution to the conflict."
Rhodes said the U.S. and European Union were coordinating on additional sanctions against Russia that could be levied "in the days to come."
During the NATO summit, the alliance is expected to support the establishment of an upgraded rapid-reaction force of some 4,000 troops in eastern Europe able to deploy to pre-positioned bases and equipment in the east within 48 hours.
Without using the word "permanent," which would violate an agreement with Moscow, Obama and Cameron called for keeping a "persistent" NATO defensive presence in eastern Europe to show Russia that the alliance is serious about the defense of all of its members, and expressed support for the rapid-response force including land, air, maritime and special forces "that could deploy anywhere in the world at very short notice."
Poroshenko on Thursday met with leaders from all 28 NATO member states even though NATO officials have made clear that membership for Ukraine isn't in the cards anytime soon and that NATO cannot and will not provide it with weapons.
To aid Ukraine's military, NATO leaders instead agreed on a $20 million package to help in the areas of cyberdefense; logistics; rehabilitating soldiers injured by the rebels; and command, communications and control capabilities.
Poroshenko also said many individual NATO countries declared their willingness to provide greater support for Ukraine, including "military-technical cooperation on nonlethal and lethal items." Some of the bilateral consultations covered "high-precision weapons," he said.
NATO officials said they couldn't confirm or deny that some member countries had decided to furnish arms to Ukraine.
Specifics of the hoped-for peace deal have yet to be finalized. Putin has suggested that rebels halt their offensive while the Ukrainian government forces should pull back from shelling residential areas.
During a meeting in the wings of the NATO summit with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry, Poroshenko said, "The only thing we need now for peace and stability is just two main things: First, that Russia withdraw their troops, and second, to close the border."
If those conditions are met, Poroshenko said, a "peace solution" could be found within days.
He also has called for establishing a buffer zone on the border and the release of all Ukrainian prisoners held in Russia.
In Moscow, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said reports that Ukraine was seeking to join NATO were "a blatant attempt to derail all the efforts" to seek a peaceful solution to the fighting.
In the past two weeks, the rebels have made substantial advances against Ukrainian forces, including opening a new front along the Sea of Azov.
That offensive has raised concerns that the rebels are aiming to seize Mariupol, a major port of about 500,000 people, and create a land corridor between Russia and Crimea, the Black Sea peninsula that Russia annexed in March.
Ukraine's U.N. ambassador said a convoy of Russian tanks and armored vehicles had moved Thursday from the eastern resort town of Novoazovsk toward Mariupol and was stopped by Ukrainian forces. Yuriy Sergeyev said "the fight is still going on" and the convoy had four tanks, three armored vehicles and about 50 soldiers.
Ukrainian officials said in a statement that as of Thursday evening, fighting was continuing around Shirokine, a village about 12 miles east of Mariupol.
Ukrainian officials said the rebels launched an attack on the outskirts of Mariupol on Thursday evening but government forces repelled the attack.
The sounds of battle on the outskirts failed to dissuade several thousand Mariupol residents from taking part in a rally in the city center against the foreign intrusion.
Demonstrators draped in the blue and yellow of the Ukrainian flag hoisted anti-Putin and anti-war posters. Some read "Ukraine is a unified country!" and "Mariupol is a Ukrainian city."
"I can't believe a Russian army can come here to conquer us," said Vera Chuyko, a 34-year-old nurse taking part in the rally. "It is like a bad dream. It doesn't make sense. Why destroy our country and kill our people? What for? It is insane."
The recent battles have taken a heavy toll on Ukraine's army. National Security Council spokesman Col. Andriy Lysenko said 837 Ukrainian servicemen have been killed and 3,044 wounded since the fighting began.
In a visit to Kiev, U.S. Sen. John McCain said Washington should enact "truly crushing sanctions" against Russia and provide Ukraine with defensive weapons.
"The real provocation for Putin has been the perception of Western weakness. What should be clear is that Putin's appetite only grows with the eating," said the Arizona Republican and former presidential candidate.
Obama missed the start of the full-dress NATO meeting on the crisis in Ukraine. White House officials said his meeting with Jordan's King Abdullah II ran late, delaying the president's arrival.
Information for this article was contributed by John-Thor Dahlburg, Nataliya Vasilyeva, Vladimir Isachenkov, Peter Leonard, Jim Heintz and Julie Pace of The Associated Press; by Sergei L. Loiko and Carol J. Williams of the Los Angeles Times; and by Steven Erlanger, Julie Hirschfeld Davis and Stephen Castle of The New York Times.
A Section on 09/05/2014