HONG KONG -- Tens of thousands gathered at a central park in Hong Kong on Wednesday to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown, even as a stifling security presence in Beijing and elsewhere in mainland China appeared to forestall protests.
The organizers of the vigil in Hong Kong said the crowd Wednesday numbered more than 180,000, while the police estimated that 99,500 people had attended. The turnout Wednesday was the largest since 1989, according to the organizers, and the second-largest according to police estimates, trailing the 2010 turnout, which was 113,000.
State-controlled Chinese news organizations largely ignored the anniversary, even as the foreign media gave it global attention.
In Washington, the White House said in a statement, "Twenty-five years later, the United States continues to honor the memories of those who gave their lives in and around Tiananmen Square and throughout China, and we call on Chinese authorities to account for those killed, detained, or missing in connection with the events surrounding June 4, 1989."
In the years since the crackdown, mainland China has combined rapid economic growth with severe and recently increasing restrictions on civil liberties. In the weeks preceding the anniversary, the Chinese police detained and in some cases prosecuted scores of human-rights activists.
Online censors have stepped up their already extensive blocking or deleting of websites and postings that challenge the Communist Party's effort to erase the public's memory of the bloodshed in 1989, when soldiers in Beijing killed hundreds of students, workers and professionals demonstrating for greater democracy and limits on corruption.
The crowd that gathered Wednesday night in Victoria Park in Hong Kong was visibly younger than in previous years and included, for the first time, Cardinal Joseph Zen, a widely admired Roman Catholic priest who in the past had held prayers near the commemoration but not taken part.
In recent years, the gathering had been dominated by people age 40 or older, who remembered coverage of the night of the crackdown and who sometimes took their children. This year, people in their 20s and 30s predominated.
One first-time attendee, Rex Liu, 27, an office worker, said that although he felt regret that students had died 25 years ago, he was motivated more by concern about the prevalence of corruption in current-day China.
"I feel the need to come this year to express my discontent over the rotting and corrupt state of the Chinese government," he said.
The general silence about the anniversary that security agencies imposed in mainland China meant Hong Kong was the only city on Chinese soil where such a public commemoration could take place. The former British colony has retained its own legal system and civil liberties since returning to Chinese rule in 1997.
Xinhua, China's state-run news agency, published an article Wednesday quoting a government spokesman criticizing the United Nations' high commissioner for human rights, who called Tuesday for Beijing to release pro-democracy activists and others who have been detained.
"The so-called press release made by U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay grossly goes against her mandate and constitutes a grave intervention of China's judicial sovereignty and internal affairs," said Hong Lei, a Foreign Ministry spokesman.
Meanwhile, the democracy movement in Hong Kong has fractured over how to deal with Beijing's refusal to change its official stance on the Tiananmen Square crackdown, and over Beijing's reluctance to allow greater democracy in Hong Kong itself.
Activists staged a separate protest Wednesday evening on the opposite side of the harbor from the Victoria Park candlelight vigil, which has been held every year since 1989.
The rival event, which police said attracted 3,060 people, was organized by the Proletariat Political Institute, a group led by Wong Yuk-man, a democracy activist who is also on the 70-member Legislative Council. He said the established pro-democracy parties are not sufficiently assertive in challenging Beijing.
"The vigil has been held for more than two decades, and the significance of the vigil is diminishing," Wong's group said in a statement Tuesday evening. "It is now no more than a routine ceremonial event."
Information for this article was contributed by Michael Forsythe, Chris Buckley and Philip P. Pan of The New York Times.
A Section on 06/05/2014