With drilling, Mars rover takes giant leap

— In a Mars first, the Curiosity rover drilled into a rock and prepared to dump an aspirinsized pinch of powder into its onboard laboratories for closer inspection.

The feat marked yet another milestone for the car-size rover, which landed last summer to much fanfare on an ambitious hunt to determine whether environmental conditions were favorable for microbes.

Using the drill at the end of its 7-foot-long robotic arm, Curiosity on Friday chipped away at a flat, veined rock bearing numerous signs of past water flow. After nearly seven minutes of drilling, the result was a hole 2 1/2 inches deep.

The exercise was so complex that engineers spent several days commanding Curiosity to tap the rock outcrop, drill test holes and perform a “minidrill” in anticipation of the real show. Images beamed back to Earth overnight showed a fresh hole next to a shallower test hole Curiosity had made earlier.

“It was a perfect execution,” said Avi Okon, a drill engineer at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, on Saturday.

Previous Mars robots carried tools that scraped away the exterior layers of rocks and dirt. Opportunity and Spirit - before it died - toted arock grinder. Phoenix, which touched down near the Martian north pole in 2008, was equipped with an ice rasp to chisel frozen soil.

However, the robots were not designed to bore deep into rocks and collect pulverized samples from the interior.

With the maiden drilling out of the way, it will take several days before Curiosity transfers the powder to its instruments to analyze its chemical and mineral makeup.

The cautious approach is by design. Curiosity is the mosthigh-tech spacecraft to land on Mars and engineers are still learning how to efficiently operate the $2.5 billion mission.

The team won’t know until this week how much rock powder Curiosity collected. But judging by the small amount left in the drill hole, Okon said he was confident the rover has enough for its lab analysis.

Another unknown is whether any Teflon rubbed off from the drill and got mixed with the rock sample. Before Curiosity launched, engineers discovered that microscopic flakesof Teflon can break off from the instrument and have been studying workarounds. Okon said any Teflon contamination would be small because Curiosity did not drill for long.

Mission managers predicted that drilling would be the hardest engineering task since the landing, which relied on neverbefore-tried tricks, including a rocket-powered platform and cables that lowered Curiosity into an ancient crater last August.

The dramatic landing gave way to a labor-intensivecheckup of Curiosity’s various instruments. The drill was the last tool to be tested.

While Curiosity executed the first rock drilling on Mars, the method has been used on other celestial bodies.

The Apollo astronauts used a handheld, battery-powered drill on moon rocks and delivered pieces to Earth. The Soviets deployed spacecraft that drilled into the lunar surface to collect rocks for Earth and also used robotic drills on missions to Venus.

Once Curiosity finishes its rock analysis, the team’s focus will turn to starting the drive to a mountain, expected to take nine months with stops. It is there that scientists hope Curiosity will uncover signs of organic molecules, the chemical building blocks of life.

Front Section, Pages 2 on 02/10/2013

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